美联储公布利率决定 宣布加息25个基点

来源:网络 时间:2017-03-16 16:52:37

美联储公布利率决定 宣布加息25个基点

腾讯证券讯 北京时间周四凌晨2:00,美联储公布利率决议,宣布加息25个基点,将联邦基金利率目标区间上调至0.75%-1.0%,符合市场广泛预期。这是美联储自2016年12月之后的再度加息,也是美联储十年以来的第三次加息。

此外,联储的最新经济及利率预期显示,联储预计未来三年还将加息9次,比去年12月时的预期多1次,而今年还将加息2次。

美联储的货币政策决策机构——联邦公开市场委员会(FOMC)在这份声明中指出,就业市场已继续增强,经济活动一直都在继续以稳健的步伐扩张;就业增长保持稳健,失业率在最近几个月中几无变动;家庭支出一直都在继续稳健增长,而企业固定投资则看似已在某种程度上变得坚挺。通货膨胀在最近几个季度中有所上升,接近于达到联邦公开市场委员会2%的长期目标;不计入能源和食品价格,通货膨胀基本保持不变,并继续在某种程度上低于2%。

美联储决策官员一致确认2017年将加息3次;2019年料将略微更快地加息,维持2018年和更长周期的利率预期不变。

美联储同时公布的利率预期中值显示,今年还会有两次加息。决议公布后,美股强劲攀升,美元汇率下挫,美债收益率跳水,黄金涨。

在此次会议上,有一名与会委员投票反对加息,而是支持将其维持在现有的0.50%到0.75%的目标区间不变。

继上周五公布的数据显示美国2月份新增非农就业人口超出预期后,交易员们已将美联储3月份加息25个基点看成了板上钉钉的事。期货行情也表明,市场走势正在日益吻合美联储12月作出的2017年加息三次的预期轨迹。今年将成为2006年以来首个美联储多次加息的年份。在利率决定公布之前,芝加哥商品交易所集团的“美联储观察”(FedWatch)工具显示,市场预计美联储在3月加息的可能性达到95.2%。

美国劳工部周三公布的报告显示,2月份消费价格指数(CPI)环比上升0.1%;之前1月份升幅为0.6%,创近四年最大升幅。这也强化了通胀符合美联储目标的观点。

自上次FOMC会议以来,不少美联储官员都公开表示愿意在近期加息,最早在3月加息。费城联储主席Patrick Harker周二表示:“我不会将三月加息的可能性排除。”达拉斯联储主席Robert Kaplan本月早些时候表示,美联储本次采取行动宜早不宜迟。

据《华尔街日报》此前报道,调查发现,如果美联储本周的确加息,69.5%的受访经济学家预计该央行今年第二次加息将在6月份,另有8.5%和20.3%的受访者预计美联储会在今年7月和9月进行第二次加息。

以下是美联储3月份货币政策声明的全文:

自联邦公开市场委员会2月份召开会议以来所收到的信息表明,就业市场已继续增强,经济活动一直都在继续以稳健的步伐扩张。就业增长保持稳健,失业率在最近几个月中几无变动。家庭支出一直都在继续稳健增长,而企业固定投资则看似已在某种程度上变得坚挺。通货膨胀在最近几个季度中有所上升,靠近联邦公开市场委员会2%的长期目标;不计入能源和食品价格,通货膨胀基本保持不变,并继续在某种程度上低于2%。整体而言,以市场为基础的通胀补偿指标仍旧保持在较低水平;以调查报告为基础的长期通胀预期指标则基本保持不变。

联邦公开市场委员会正在依据其法定使命来寻求培育最大就业和物价稳定。联邦公开市场委员会目前预计,通过逐步调整货币政策立场的方式,经济活动将以稳健的步伐扩张,就业市场状况将进一步在某种程度上有所增强,预计通胀率将在中期内持稳在2%附近。经济前景的近期风险看似大致平衡。联邦公开市场委员会将继续密切监控通货膨胀指标以及全球经济和金融形势的发展。

考虑到已实现及预期的就业市场状况和通货膨胀,联邦公开市场委员会决定将联邦基金利率的目标区间上调至0.75%至1%。货币政策立场仍将保持宽松,从而为就业市场状况的进一步加强和通货膨胀持续重返2%提供支持。

为了判定联邦基金利率目标区间未来调整的时机选择和规模,联邦公开市场委员会将对有关其最大就业和2%通货膨胀目标的已实现和预期经济状况进行评估。这种评估将把一系列广泛的信息考虑在内,包括有关就业市场状况的指标、通胀压力和通胀预期指标、以及有关金融和国际形势发展的读数等。联邦公开市场委员会将仔细监控与其对称性通货膨胀目标相关的实际和预期将有的通货膨胀发展形势。联邦公开市场委员会预计,经济状况的发展将可令其有理由逐步上调联邦基金利率;在一段时间之内,联邦基金利率很可能仍将保持在低于长期普遍值的水平。但是,联邦基金利率的实际道路将依赖于未来数据所表明的经济前景。

联邦公开市场委员会将维持现有的政策,将来自于所持机构债和机构抵押贷款支持债券的本金付款再投资到机构抵押贷款支持债券中去,在国债发售交易中对即将到期的美国国债进行展期,并预计直到联邦基金利率水平的正常化进程顺利展开以前都将继续这样做。这项政策令联邦公开市场委员会的长期债券持有量保持在可观的水平,应可有助于保持融通的金融状况。

在此次会议上投票支持联邦公开市场委员会货币政策行动的委员有:主席珍妮特·耶伦(Janet L. Yellen)、副主席威廉·杜德利(William C. Dudley)、莱尔·布莱恩纳德(Lael Brainard)、查尔斯·埃文斯(harles L. Evans)、斯坦利·费希尔(Stanley Fischer)、帕特里克·哈克(Patrick Harker)、罗伯特·卡普兰(Robert S. Kaplan)、杰罗姆·鲍威尔(Jerome H. Powell)和丹尼尔·塔鲁洛(Daniel K. Tarullo)。尼尔·凯西卡瑞(Neel Kashkari)则投票反对这一行动,他在此次会议上更希望维持联邦基金利率的现有目标区间不变。(星云)

美联储声明原文如下:

Information received since the Federal Open Market Committee met in February indicates that the labor market has continued to strengthen and that economic activity has continued to expand at a moderate pace. Job gains remained solid and the unemployment rate was little changed in recent months. Household spending has continued to rise moderately while business fixed investment appears to have firmed somewhat. Inflation has increased in recent quarters, moving close to the Committee’s 2 percent longer-run objective; excluding energy and food prices, inflation was little changed and continued to run somewhat below 2 percent. Market-based measures of inflation compensation remain low; survey-based measures of longerterm inflation expectations are little changed, on balance.

Consistent with its statutory mandate, the Committee seeks to foster maximum employment and price stability. The Committee expects that, with gradual adjustments in the stance of monetary policy, economic activity will expand at a moderate pace, labor market conditions will strengthen somewhat further, and inflation will stabilize around 2 percent over the medium term. Near-term risks to the economic outlook appear roughly balanced. The Committee continues to closely monitor inflation indicators and global economic and financial developments.

In view of realized and expected labor market conditions and inflation, the Committee decided to raise the target range for the federal funds rate to 3/4 to 1 percent. The stance of monetary policy remains accommodative, thereby supporting some further strengthening in labor market conditions and a sustained return to 2 percent inflation.

In determining the timing and size of future adjustments to the target range for the federal funds rate, the Committee will assess realized and expected economic conditions relative to its objectives of maximum employment and 2 percent inflation. This assessment will take into account a wide range of information, including measures of labor market conditions, indicators of inflation pressures and inflation expectations, and readings on financial and international developments. The Committee will carefully monitor actual and expected inflation developments relative to its symmetric inflation goal.

The Committee expects that economic conditions will evolve in a manner that will warrant gradual increases in the federal funds rate; the federal funds rate is likely to remain, for some time, below levels that are expected to prevail in the longer run. However, the actual path of the federal funds rate will depend on the economic outlook as informed by incoming data.

The Committee is maintaining its existing policy of reinvesting principal payments from its holdings of agency debt and agency mortgage-backed securities in agency mortgage-backed securities and of rolling over maturing Treasury securities at auction, and it anticipates doing so until normalization of the level of the federal funds rate is well under way. This policy, by keeping the Committee’s holdings of longer-term securities at sizable levels, should help maintain accommodative financial conditions.

Voting for the FOMC monetary policy action were: Janet L. Yellen, Chair; William C. Dudley, Vice Chairman; Lael Brainard; Charles L. Evans; Stanley Fischer; Patrick Harker; Robert S. Kaplan; Jerome H. Powell; and Daniel K. Tarullo. Voting against the action was Neel Kashkari, who preferred at this meeting to maintain the existing target range for the federal funds rate.

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